Clearing the air on smoking policies
Wednesday, February 23,2005
Regina Brett
Plain Dealer Columnist
A few weeks ago I walked into an Italian restaurant to pick up a pizza.
A friend had turned me on to the East Side restaurant by sharing a pizza that was out of this world.
The restaurant looked charming, so I grabbed a menu while waiting for my order. The dining room was empty, but from the looks of the room and the menu, it looked like a great place to take the family.
Then the smell hit me.
When I asked the waitress where to pick up the pizza, she led me to the bar. I could have followed my nose. A cloud of gray stink enveloped me. My taste buds went numb after five minutes.
I waited in the dining room, but still came home reeking of smoke.
That poor waitress, stuck for hours, breathing enough carcinogens to choke a horse.
The owner of that establishment might be delighted that a bunch of drinkers were happy stinking up the air and their lungs, but I wonder if he or she realizes how many diners the smoke turned away.
What scares us away?
Those orange wristbands say it all: 53 K.
The first time I saw one, I thought the guy wearing it was in training for a long marathon.
What's 53 K?
"That's how many people die a year in this country from secondhand smoke," he told me.
That figure of 53,000 nonsmokers comes from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
If people want to commit slow suicide by smoking, I can't stop them. But I sure don't want to join them.
We shouldn't allow them to take the rest of us with them. That's why we need 100 percent Clean Indoor Air Laws that make workplaces and public indoor areas smoke-free.
Some bar and restaurant owners oppose them, fearing that business will falter. The tobacco industry fans those fears.
But Gary Richmond, president of Johnny Mango World Cafés, found that the opposite happened.
His Ohio City restaurant went smoke-free in 2004. Taxable meal receipts grew more than 9 percent.
"For us, it's been a windfall," he told me.
Didn't he lose his faithful smokers?
"Oh, sure," he said. "A certain percent never returned. They've been replaced many times over."
Before going smoke-free, he did a survey. Out of 535 responses, 75percent favored the change, 14 percent were neutral, 11 percent vowednot to return.
I would say good riddance.
Two things are at stake: public health and the rights of workers to breathe clean air.
Smokers shouldn't be allowed to pollute the air in bars and restaurants that employees must breathe.
Smokers will say that most bar and restaurant employees smoke. But even if that were true, those employees wouldn't be smoking non-filtered cigarettes for eight hours nonstop.
Richmond polled his 49 employees. He found that 31 did not smoke.
"They deserve the opportunity to live life to the fullest," he said, "and the longest."
Until we have 100 percent Clean Indoor Air Laws, we will have to vote with our feet.
To get a guide to smoke-free establishments in Cuyahoga County, go to www.ccbh.net or visit www.smokefreeohio.org.
If you need help to stop smoking, call the Ohio Tobacco Quit Line at 1-800-934-4840.
Remember, smoking is a choice. Breathing isn't.
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My response to Regina Brett's column titled "Clearing the air on smoking policies" from the Wednesday, 2/24/05, edition of The Plain Dealer:
First of all, I don't smoke.
I support smoking restrictions, perhaps even bans, in public offices and most public buildings. However, the universal mission of anti-smokers and their coalitions is to federally ban smoking from all bars and restaurants, as well. Ms. Brett shares this view, but it's an example of good intentions/bad idea.
In her column, Ms. Brett cited the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for her statistic of 53,000 American deaths caused annually by secondhand smoke (SHS). However, the EPA's official web site states only that "secondhand smoke is estimated…to cause approximately 3,000 lung cancer deaths in nonsmokers each year." The site also claims that SHS may increase the risk of heart disease.
Then again, so may hamburgers.
The Center for Disease Control (CDC) states approximately 1800 to 3200 SHS-induced deaths annually, which could be even less or barely more than legitimate EPA estimates. Either way, these statistics fall approximately 50,000 deaths short of Ms. Brett's estimate.
Secondary effects of alcohol are more dangerous than SHS. According to Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD), in 2002, an estimated 17,419 people died in alcohol-related traffic crashes alone. These deaths constituted 41 percent of the 42,815 total traffic fatalities that year. Thus second-hand deaths caused by drunkenness total more than five times the EPA's estimated death rate from SHS. And unlike those exposed to SHS, innocent people killed in drunk driving accidents rarely have a chance to avoid the danger.
Despite the much higher risk and rate of death or injury from alcohol exposure compared to second- or even first-hand smoke, there is no major movement to ban alcohol in bars and restaurants. That's because someone else drinking is less of a nuisance to non-drinkers than smoking is to non-smokers.
Ms. Brett wrote that she did not want to join smokers in "commit[ting] slow suicide." But working at a stressful or dangerous job, eating junk food, or not exercising - are all common ways how Americans commit slow suicide. If Ms. Brett fits under none of these categories, I salute her. Most Americans do, however. And judging by statistics, SHS exposure threatens no quicker death to most adults than any of these everyday acts.
Cotinine is a metabolite that forms in one's body with exposure to nicotine. Cotinine levels in the body help doctors track one's exposure to tobacco smoke. According to the CDC's Second National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, cotinine levels in nonsmoking Americans have decreased by more than 70% since the early 1990s, including a 58% decrease in children and a 55% decrease in adolescents. These encouraging statistics contradict the doom-and-gloom numbers manipulated by anti-tobacco special interest groups and their allies.
With smoking, the deadliest chemicals stick to the lungs upon direct "mainstream" inhalation from cigarette to first-hand smoker. They are not released with carbon dioxide as that smoker exhales. Even the EPA and CDC attest to this fact, despite what chemicals are exposed through exhalation. Anti-tobacco lobbyists rely on public misconception of this truth.
Another fact one never hears from anti-smoking campaigns is that hundreds of thousands of US-based jobs, particularly in the Carolinas and Virginia, stem from the tobacco industry. Tobacco is an important crop and export for that region, and while the term "Big Tobacco" is usually pejorative - it also incorporates that many people stay employed and feed their families because of it. Many of these positions would undoubtedly suffer pay cuts or be lost due to sweeping federal smoking bans that would force limited production, sales and distribution if enacted.
According to the EPA, the CDC, the American Cancer Society (ACS) and the American Heart Association (AHA), environmental tobacco smoke most endangers children and pregnant women. The ACS reports on its web site the increased risk of asthma in children exposed to SHS. Children do not go to bars, but most children do live at home with their families. Pregnant women are encouraged to rest at home as often as possible. Most working pregnant women take maternity leave from their jobs, which keeps them at home with their baby both before and after its birth.
Federal bans on smoking in bars would dramatically increase both the concentration and frequency of SHS around the home. This natural consequence would increase the risk of one's children developing a habit or curiosity for cigarettes.
The extra SHS levels would also damage the property's resale value. If tobacco smoke is so deadly, a smoker forced to puff mostly at home would render her estate virtually uninhabitable for future homebuyers. This would be disastrous for the home-buying market nationwide. Even the CDC lists this as a serious consequence for smoking at home.
Even if people smoked outside their homes, the SHS toxins would still linger and surround the area and those living there. We shouldn't encourage the government to force a public disservice or to significantly increase the health risks for children and pregnant women at home.
Recent radio ads sponsored by anti-smoking action groups included one testimonial from a former bartender who blamed SHS for her miscarriage. While I sympathize for the loss, her story begged the question: If you were pregnant, why did you work behind a bar?
If any federal ban is imposed, it should be one that prevents pregnant women from going to - let alone working in - bars. Neither smoke, nor alcohol, nor loud noise, nor stress, nor crowded spaces contribute to healthy pregnancies. Besides, there are many smoke-free bars and restaurants nationwide, including northeast Ohio. I've worked as a waiter, and I know that if an employee requested to always work the nonsmoking section, it would easily happen.
I understand pleas to ban smoking in restaurants more than pleas to ban smoking in bars. Still, the decision should be left to the company's owners.
Ms. Brett stated that the tobacco industry "fans those fears" of bars and restaurants losing business if they ban smoking in their establishments. Conversely, anti-tobacco industry special interest groups fan the misleading optimism that if one business profits from a smoking ban, then every business would. This simply is not true.
Ms. Brett cited Cleveland's Johnny Mango Café as an example. Whole families are encouraged to eat meals together at this restaurant. Such is not the case with traditional bars/pubs, where anyone under 21 years of age is often prohibited.
Also, Johnny Mango's polled its patrons extensively before it decided to prohibit smoking. This informed owner's decision was a better approach than blindly imposing, or being forced to impose, a smoking ban. I support independent decisions by bar- and restaurant owners. It's their business, their property, and their income to lose - and if you don't like it, go someplace else.
Bars are where one can escape after a long day of work to relax, have a drink, and maybe smoke before going home or even back to work. The government should not deprive hard-working citizens the choice to smoke in a bar. Fidel Castro imposed this ban throughout Cuba in February, and he should never be a trendsetter for US policy.
Ms. Brett concluded her column by saying that smoking is a choice. But every potential customer also chooses where to eat or drink. Bar- and restaurant owners should have a choice whether or not to alienate patrons who smoke.
Government-mandated prohibition against alcohol backfired in the 1920s, and so would similar restrictions against tobacco today.
Some helpful web links:
http://www.epa.gov/smokefree/healthrisks.html
http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/research_data/environmental/etsfact3.htm
http://www.newsnet5.com/mondayarchive/3331890/detail.html
--> Listing of smoke-free restaurants and bars in northeast Ohio
